Revised Word History: "Krieg"
Krieg-Since I did "Blitz" earlier, here is the "krieg" part of the compound. First, interestingly Old Germanic did not seem to have any one word for "war." Our English word goes back to a meaning of "confuse, mix," but this didn't come into English until the 1100s (see link below). "Presumably" Old English also had a word similar to "krieg," although I have not found it. It seems that the continental Germanic languages, besides German, used a form of "krieg" for their word for "war" too, but this seems to have come about AFTER the Germanic tribes (Anglo-Saxons) settled in Britain. So here's what I found: "Krieg" goes back to a form of the Indo European root "g(w)er," which had the notion of "heavy," and maybe also "strength" (if something is "heavy" it takes "strength" to lift of move it). A form of the root was "gwerg" (this is NOT carved in stone, but I believe the "w" was not so much a separate sound, but rather a combination with the "g," which had a hard sound, as in "give," and the "w" was more of a "v" sound). This gave Old Germanic "kreg/krig," which meant "stubbornness." (I'm wondering if this meant more specifically "stubbornness in defense?" This would sure give it a tie in to later mean "war.") This then gave Old High German "krig," with the same meaning. Old High German is a term linguists use to denote the Germanic dialect that developed not long after the Germanic tribes that went to Britain left the Continent. It is the ancestor of modern German, just as Old English, or Anglo-Saxon, is the ancestor of modern English. Both English and German are West Germanic, which then goes back to Old Germanic, and then back to Indo European. Later the form "kriec" developed, with the meaning "strain, endeavor" (presumably one has to strain or make great endeavor to be stubborn, although I found one explanation essentially saying that "stubbornness" leads to "conflict") and this then developed into the meaning "war." Besides standard German "Krieg," the other Germanic relatives of English have: Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish all have "krig;" Dutch has both "krijg" and "oorlog," Low German has "Oorlog," Frisian has "kriich," and Icelandic has "stríð," which is a relative of our words "strife" and "stride."
For the history of the word "war," see:
http://pontificating-randy.blogspot.com/2010/07/german-question-part-twenty-four.html
Labels: English, etymology, German language, Germanic languages
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