Finnish Salmon Soup: Lohikeitto

This salmon soup can also be called salmon chowder, and it is a fairly common dish in some parts of Finland, which is understandable, as it is wonderful! You can certainly cut some of the fat and calories by substituting canned evaporated milk (NOT sweetened condensed milk) for the heavy cream. Of course too, you can adjust the salt and pepper amounts to your taste preference.

 

Ingredients  (5 or 6 servings): 

 

1 1/4 pound salmon, in bite-size pieces 

2 cups sliced leeks, mainly white and light green part

5 tablespoons butter

2 cups diced potatoes

1 cup chopped carrot

4 1/2 cups fish stock

1 cup heavy cream

1/2 teaspoon ground black pepper

1/2 teaspoon salt (remember, the butter and the stock have salt)

3 tablespoons chopped dill, divided use

 

In a heavy-bottom pan, melt the butter over medium heat, add the leek slices and saute until they soften. Add the carrot and potatoes and saute a further two minutes, stirring often (you don't want the veggies to actually brown), then add the fish stock, bring to a boil and adjust the heat to maintain a steady simmer until everything is tender, but not mushy. Add the salmon pieces and simmer another 5 to 6 minutes. Add the cream, black pepper, salt and 1 tablespoon of the chopped dill, stir to mix in. Let the now cream laced soup heat up, but do not boil. Remove from the heat, top each serving with some chopped dill. 

 

  

 

 

WORD HISTORY:

Normal (Norm)-The ultimate origin of this word is shaky, but it seems to go back to Indo European "gnoh/gneh," meaning "to know," making it a distant relative of English "know," "can" and "ken/kenning," which are all from the Germanic roots of English, and it is related to "quaint" and to "cognizance," both Latin-derived words borrowed by English via French. The Indo European form gave transliterated Greek "ginosko," meaning "to know." This seemingly gave transliterated Greek "gnomon," which meant "carpenter's square." Latin borrowed this from Greek ("perhaps" via Etruscan?^) as "norma" also meaning "carpenter's square," but also, "a pattern, a model." This was taken by Latin-based French as "norme," essentially meaning "pattern, model, something to be followed (a "rule," both "the piece of wood used for measurement and drawing straight lines," AND, "a policy to be followed"), and English borrowed the word by the 1820s. Latin "norma" (mentioned above) spawned the Latin adjective "normalis," meaning "done following a carpenter's square;" thus also, "done by the rule, done following a pattern or model;" thus, "done in the common way." English borrowed the word from Latin initially in a rather limited way as a mathematics (geometry) term for "having to do with perpendicular, being at a right angle" (later also used with the meaning "perpendicular" as a noun), but later with the meaning "having to do with doing things in the established or standard way," and the word's usage began to become much more common by the early part of the 1800s. The latter part of the 1800s saw usage as a noun for "the common state of something," as in, "The normal for our family is to eat dinner on Sundays at 4 o'clock," and adjectivally as, "A normal Sunday for us is to eat dinner at 4 o'clock." Close English relative, German, also borrowed "normal" from Latin during the 1700s, also meaning, "(pertaining to) normal, usual, regular, standard." Example: "Ich hätte gern(e) einen normalen Kaffee" ("I would like a regular coffee"). 

 

^ Etruscan is a mystery language, "possibly" related to some languages of the Aegean Sea area, including "Minoan." In ancient times, Etruscan was spoken in a fairly large part of what is now Italy, but it eventually died out when Latin came to the area, although some Etruscan words were borrowed into Latin. "Etruscan" lies behind the words "Tuscan" and "Tuscany" (Italian: Toscana), a region in western Italy, the regional capital being Florence (Italian: Firenze).      

Roasted Little Red Potatoes With Dill

These potatoes are a great side dish or even as a single lunch dish, served with some good bread. I've found that using the dill from the beginning of roasting simply causes it to darken and dry out or even burn. I add the dill when I turn the potatoes during roasting.

Ingredients:

1 pound small red potatoes, thoroughly washed and dried, then halved (quartered for larger potatoes)
2 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil
about 2 tablespoons dry adobo seasoning*
1 to 2 teaspoons chopped dill (fresh or dried) 

Heat the oven to 450 F. Line a baking sheet with aluminum foil. Place the potato pieces in a bowl, add the extra virgin olive oil and dry adobo seasoning. Mix well to coat all of the potato pieces. Arrange the potatoes on the baking sheet in a single layer. Roast the potatoes 20 minutes, then remove them from the oven and sprinkle some dill over them, then turn them over, sprinkle some dill over that side and return the potatoes to the oven until fork tender (about a total of 30 minutes or a little more). Optional: sprinkle on more chopped dill and drizzle a little extra virgin olive oil over the roasted potatoes before serving.

WORD HISTORY:
Smith-This word, often used in compounds over the centuries,^ is also the source of the family name. It goes back to Indo European "smei," with the meaning, "to cut and work with a cutting tool or tools." This gave its Old Germanic offspring "smiþa(n)" (þ=th) meaning "craftsman, skilled worker." This gave Old English "smiþ" meaning "one who works with metals or wood, a craftsman, a carpenter." This then became "smith/smyth." The earliest recorded use as a name in England was in 975. The verb form in Old English was "smiþian," meaning "to shape and create objects from metal or wood." This then became "smythen," by which time the meaning had narrowed to "metal work, often involving heat and hammering the metal to shape it." Relatives in the other Germanic languages: German has "Schmied," meaning "metal worker, blacksmith," and like its English cousin used for a family name (with variants like Schmitt, Schmidt), and the verb "schmieden" meaning "to work metal with heat and hammer, to design, to plan"), Low German has "Smitt" and the verb "smeden," West Frisian "smid"(?), Dutch "smid," with the same spelling used for the noun and the verb, Danish "smed" and the verb "smede," Icelandic "smiður," and the verb "smíða," Norwegian "smed" and the verb "smi," Swedish "smed," with the same spelling used for both the noun and the verb.   

^ For example: blacksmith, tinsmith, goldsmith, silversmith, locksmith, gunsmith, hammersmith and others.

Greek Tzatziki & Turkish Cacik: A Sauce & Dip

Greek "tzatziki" (pronounced as if, "taht-zeekee") and Turkish "cacik" (pronounced as if, "jaw-juk") are really the same thing, a dip or a sauce, typically for use with grilled meat, with gyros or with sliced vegetables and pita bread. Other cultures in the eastern Mediterranean and the greater Middle East have similar recipes. The dish is quick and easy to make, although you can salt the cucumber first to draw out some of the liquid, if you'd like. I must have looked at 25 to 30 recipes, from both Greek and Turkish sources, and there were not great differences, but I've put the "basic recipe," and then the more notable variations below that. The Turks seemingly "tend" to use mint and olive oil more often, sometimes in combination with dill, but I also found Turkish recipes essentially like the basic recipe. A few recipes used vinegar in place of lemon juice, but only a few.       

Ingredients:

Basic recipe

2 cups plain Greek yogurt
3 cloves garlic, minced or chopped
1 1/4 cup seedless cucumber, peeled and chopped
2 tablespoons lemon juice
1 tablespoon + 1 teaspoon dill
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/2 teaspoon white or black pepper pepper
(Optional) 1 or 2 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil mixed in, or drizzle some extra virgin olive oil on top

Combine all ingredients, mix well. Best when chilled for at least a couple of hours, but not mandatory. 

Variation:

To the basic recipe add: 2 tablespoons dried mint, 2 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil, in which case you can omit the dill completely, or reduce the amount of dill to 2 teaspoons

Top photo with the basic recipe/bottom photo with mint and olive oil/fresh mint leave for garnish

WORD HISTORY:
Psyche-This word, related to a number of words borrowed by English, including "psychosis" and "psychic," goes back to Indo European "bhes," which had the notion, "to breathe, to blow." This gave Ancient Greek the transliterated "psykhein," with the same meaning, but also, by extension, "to cool down, to refresh or rejuvenate." This then gave Greek the transliterated noun "psykhe," meaning, "the mind, spirit, life force, breath." This was borrowed by Latin as "psyche," and English borrowed the word from Latin in the mid 1600s. The idea of  "a person's thought process, behavior, character," all developed in psychological study by the early part of the 20th Century.  

Azerbaijani Herb, Yogurt & Rice Soup: Dovga

Azerbaijan is a country of about 10 million people located in the Caucasus region just north of Iran. Its capital is Baku. The primary language is Azerbaijani, one of the Turkic languages. It was part of both the former Russian (Tsarist) Empire and of the former Soviet Union. Azerbaijan is pronounced as if, "awzer-buy-zhawn." I can happily say I have met an Azerbaijani, a man who was attending one of the universities here in Cleveland.

This is a tangy soup, which can be served hot or cold.

Ingredients:

1/2 cup rice
1 2/3 cups water, more, if needed (for rice, more, see below)
1 beaten egg
2 1/2 cups thick yogurt (Greek or Indian style)
2 1/2 cups water
1/4 cup chopped cilantro
1/4 cup chopped mint leaves
1/4 cup chopped spinach
1/4 cup chopped dill
1/4 cup chopped parsley
1/2 to 1 teaspoon salt (to your taste)

Rinse and drain the herbs, remove any big stems, then chop the herbs, set them aside. Add the rice and the 1 2/3 cup of water to a pan (I actually used a large skillet). Cook over medium heat, uncovered, until the rice is tender. If you need to add a little more water to finish cooking the rice, do so. Let the rice cool down, then add the well beaten egg and stir it into the rice (if the rice is still hot, it will cook the egg). Stir in the yogurt a little at a time, until it is all mixed well with the rice. Add 2 1//2 cups water, over low heat, bring just to a boil, stirring constantly. Add the herbs and mix well, cook 8 to 10 minutes, stirring occasionally. Remove from heat and then add salt.

Click to enlarge

WORD HISTORY:
Patent-This word is distantly related to "fathom," a word from the Germanic roots of English, and to "pace," a Latin-derived word borrowed by English. "Patent" goes back to Indo European "pethe," which meant, "to spread open, to spread out." This gave Latin the verb "patere,"  which meant, "to be open, to lie open;" thus also, "to be evident/obvious, accessible." Its present participial form, "patens," was used as an adjective to mean, "open, lying open," and it became part of the expression, "litterae patentes," meaning, "letters lying open (for public view);" thus, the use of letters (documents) to grant certain privileges. The "patentes/patens" form became a noun in its own right, and it was passed to Latin-based Old French as both a noun and as an adjective as "patente," along with the expression, "lettre patent." English borrowed the word in the second half of the 1300s.